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实习编辑 • 2023-11-21 10:58:33 • 新闻资讯 • 阅读 3

¸è¾ç(opera)

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englishversion£º

opera

¸è¾ç

musicaldramamadeupofvocalpieceswithorchestralaccompaniment,overtures,andinterludes.operawasinventedattheendofthe16thcenturyinanattemptbythecamerata,anacademyofflorentinepoets,musicians,andscholars,toimitateancientgreekdrama,whichwasknowntohavebeenlargelysungorchanted.sincenoactualgreekmusicwasknown,composershadconsiderablefreedominreconceivingit.imitationsofgreekpastoralpoetrybecamethebasisforearlyoperalibretti.thefirstoperas,byjacopoperi(dafne,1598;lost)andg.caccini(euridice,1600),consistedthroughoutoflightlyaccompaniedmelodycloselyimitatinginflectedspeech.c.monteverdi,thegreatestearlyoperaticfigure,composedthefirstmasterpiece,orfeo,in1607;unlikeitspredecessors,orfeoisscoredforasmallorchestra,andrecitativeherebeginstobeclearlydistinguishedfromaria,anachievementthatwouldprovedecisiveforopera'sfuturesuccess.infrance,j.-b.lullyproducedaprototypeforcourtlyoperawhoseinfluencewoulddominatefrenchoperathroughthemid-18thcentury.j.-p.rameau,g.f.handel,andc.w.gluckwerethemostsignificantoperacomposersofthefirsttwo-thirdsofthe18thcentury;theirworksweresurpassedbythebrilliantoperasofw.a.mozart.intheearly19thcentury,g.rossiniandg.donizettidominateditalianopera.thelater19thcenturysawthegreatworksofg.verdiandrichardwagner;thelatter,withhisboldinnovations,becamethemostinfluentialoperaticfiguresincemonteverdi.r.straussandg.pucciniwrotethemostpopular20th-centuryoperas.seealsoballadopera,beijingopera,operetta.

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